Colorectal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow in the colon or rectum. The colon is the final part of the digestive system, and the rectum connects the colon to the anus. Abnormal cells in these areas can form growths (polyps) that may become cancerous over time. Colorectal cancer is most common in people over 50, but it can also occur in younger individuals.
The symptoms of colorectal cancer can vary and may not always be obvious, especially in early stages. Common symptoms include:
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to discuss them with your doctor, as early detection improves treatment outcomes.
Screening Tests
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI, or PET scans may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other areas of the body.
The treatment you receive will depend on the cancer’s stage, location, and your overall health. Common treatments include:
Polypectomy
If cancer is found at an early stage within a polyp, it may be removed during a colonoscopy.
Surgery
Surgery is often the main treatment, especially for early-stage colorectal cancer. Options include:
Radiation Therapy
High-energy rays are used to target and kill cancer cells. This is more common for rectal cancer and can be used before surgery to shrink a tumor or after to target any remaining cells.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy drugs may be used to kill cancer cells, especially if cancer has spread beyond the colon or rectum. It may be used before surgery (to shrink the tumor) or after (to prevent recurrence).
Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy
These therapies target specific aspects of cancer cells or help the immune system recognise and fight cancer more effectively. They are often used for advanced stages or when other treatments have not been effective.
A cancer diagnosis can be challenging, and support is available. Please feel free to reach out to your healthcare team with questions or concerns. Colorectal cancer treatment can be highly effective, especially with early diagnosis.
Counselling, support groups, and cancer support services can provide emotional and practical help.
For more information, the following organisations offer resources for patients and families:
American Cancer Society: www.cancer.org
National Cancer Institute: www.cancer.gov
Macmillan Cancer Support (UK): www.macmillan.org.uk
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