Endoscopy of the lower digestive tract allows doctors to view and assess the colon for issues such as inflammation, polyps, or other abnormalities. It is commonly used for both diagnosis and treatment of various GI conditions.
1. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure to examine the lower part of your large intestine, specifically the rectum and sigmoid colon. Using a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light (sigmoidoscope), your doctor can look for signs of disease in this area. This procedure generally lasts 10-20 minutes.
2. Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy provides a complete view of the entire large intestine (colon) using a longer, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope). This procedure is particularly useful for investigating symptoms like abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or blood in the stool. It may also be used to screen for colorectal cancer. A colonoscopy usually takes 30-60 minutes.
3. Video Rectoscopy
Video rectoscopy uses a high-resolution camera to inspect the rectum, providing a detailed image to evaluate rectal issues like hemorrhoids, bleeding, or abnormal growths. This procedure is shorter than a colonoscopy and typically takes about 10 minutes.
To ensure that the test is as accurate as possible, your bowels must be empty as possible. Bowel preparation involves taking a prescribed laxative to clean out the colon the day before the procedure. This helps prevent any obstruction from stool, which would limit visibility and may require the procedure to be rescheduled.
Current endoscopy is safe, but you need to be aware of potential risks. Complications are rare.
Bleeding: If a polyp is removed or a biopsy is taken, minor bleeding may occur.
Perforation: Rarely, the procedure may cause a small tear in the intestinal wall.
Reactions to Sedation: Some people may experience reactions to the sedative used during the procedure. To keep this risk low, the minimum amount to keep you comfortable is used.
Before the Procedure
Fasting: Do not eat or drink anything for a few hours before the procedure.
Medications: Inform your doctor of any medications you're taking, as you may need to pause some before the procedure.
Arrangements for Transportation: You’ll likely receive sedation, so arrange for someone to drive you home.
During the Procedure
You’ll change into a hospital gown and be taken to the procedure room.
A nurse may administer a sedative to help you relax.
You may feel mild cramping or pressure during the procedure, but this is usually minimal due to the sedative.
After the Procedure
You’ll rest in a recovery area until the sedative wears off, typically about 30-60 minutes.
You may experience mild bloating or gas, but this should pass within a few hours.
Your doctor will discuss initial findings with you, though some results may require a few days if biopsies were taken.
If you have questions, please don’t hesitate to contact the endoscopy department you are scheduled with. They will be able to provide more tailored information for you. They want to help ensure you have a safe and comfortable experience.
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